Other questions and answers on HIV-Related Laws. Also see our pages on HIV/AIDS-Diskriminierung Und Testing and Privacy.

Was bedeutet es, dass ein Arbeitgeber für einen Arbeitnehmer mit einer Behinderung möglicherweise „angemessene Vorkehrungen“ treffen muss?

Persons with disabilities, such as HIV/AIDS, may experience health-related problems that make it difficult to meet some job requirements or duties. For example, a person may be exhausted or fatigued and find it difficult to work a full-time schedule.

In certain circumstances, the employer has an obligation to modify or adjust job requirements or workplace policies in order to enable a person with a disability, such as HIV or AIDS, to perform the job duties. This is known as a “reasonable accommodation.”

Beispiele für angemessene Vorkehrungen sind:

  • Modifizierung oder Änderung von Arbeitsaufgaben oder Verantwortlichkeiten;
  • Einführung einer Teilzeit- oder modifizierten Arbeitszeitregelung;
  • Gewährung von Freistellungen während der regulären Arbeitszeit für Arzttermine;
  • Die Versetzung eines Mitarbeiters auf eine freie Stelle; oder
  • Nehmen Sie Änderungen an der physischen Gestaltung einer Baustelle vor oder beschaffen Sie sich Geräte wie einen Telefonverstärker, damit beispielsweise eine Person mit Hörbehinderung die Arbeit erledigen kann.

Wie kann eine Person eine angemessene Unterkunft erhalten?

It is, with rare exception, the employee’s responsibility to initiate the request for an accommodation. In addition, an employer may request that an employee provide some information about the nature of the disability. Employees with concerns about disclosing HIV/AIDS status to a supervisor should contact GLAD Answers.

Es gibt keine festen Regelungen, die ein Mitarbeiter beantragen kann. Die Art der beantragten Anpassung hängt von den individuellen Bedürfnissen des einzelnen Mitarbeiters ab.

Muss ein Arbeitgeber einem Antrag auf angemessene Vorkehrungen stattgeben?

No, an employer is not obligated to grant each and every request for an accommodation. An employer does not have to grant a reasonable accommodation that will create an “undue burden” (i.e., significant difficulty or expense for the employer’s operation). In addition, the employer does not have to provide a reasonable accommodation if the employee cannot perform the job function even with the reasonable accommodation.

Wann ist eine „angemessene Anpassung“ für einen Arbeitnehmer eine „unzumutbare Belastung“ für einen Arbeitgeber?

Um festzustellen, ob eine beantragte Anpassung eine unangemessene Belastung oder Härte für einen Arbeitgeber darstellt, prüfen die Gerichte eine Reihe von Faktoren, darunter:

  • The employer’s size, budget and financial constraints;
  • Die Kosten für die Umsetzung der beantragten Anpassung; und
  • Wie sich die Unterkunft auf das Geschäft des Arbeitgebers auswirkt oder es stört.

Auch hier gilt, dass jede Situation einzeln geprüft wird.

An employer only has an obligation to grant the reasonable accommodation if, as a result of the accommodation, the employee is then qualified to perform the essential job duties. An employer does not have to hire or retain an employee who cannot perform the essential functions of the job, even with a reasonable accommodation.

Can a physician in Maine require an HIV test as a prerequisite for treatment?

No, a health care provider may not deny treatment or care based on the refusal to consent to HIV testing.

What are Maine laws regarding the purchase and possession of needles?

Under Maine law, a person who is 18 years of age or older may purchase a “hypodermic apparatus,” such as a hypodermic syringe and needle, from a pharmacist and other authorized sellers.

An individual, however, may not lawfully purchase or possess more than ten “hypodermic apparatuses” at any one time, unless otherwise authorized by law (such as a physician acting within the scope of employment).

Does Maine allow needle exchange programs?

Yes. Maine law authorizes the Maine Center for Disease Control and Prevention to certify needle exchange programs.  There is no limit on the number of hypodermic needles participants in these programs may possess.

Does Maine allow access to PrEP and PEP without a prescription?

Yes, in June 18, 2021, Governor Janet Mills signed LD 1115, An Act to Improve Access to HIV Prevention Medications, which expands access to a simple, safe, and effective medication known as HIV pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) that reduces the risk of HIV transmission by close to 100%. The new law authorizes pharmacists to dispense PrEP, as well as HIV Post- exposure Prophylaxis (PEP), without a prescription on a short-term basis.

For more information, see: Maine Becomes a Leader in Pharmacy Access to Effective HIV Prevention Drug – GLAD

Does Maine have a law that prohibits insurance companies from discriminating against some who is taking PrEP?

Yes, in 2019 the Maine Insurance Code was amended to prohibit discrimination under a life, disability income or long-term care insurance policy due to the fact that the individual has been prescribed preexposure prophylaxis medication to prevent HIV infection. For more information, see Title 24-A, §2159: Unfair discrimination — life insurance, annuities and health insurance.