Second Parent Adoption | Rhode Island

Though the question of joint adoption by an unmarried couple is not addressed expressly by the Rhode Island statutes on adoption or by any authoritative ruling by the State Supreme Court, joint and second parent adoptions have routinely been granted at the Family Court level.  Feel free to contact GLAD for more information, or if you encounter any difficulties.  Also, with the advent of marriage and civil unions in Rhode Island, a married or civil union couple can do a step-parent adoption.

A joint adoption is when both partners adopt a child together at the same time. A second-parent adoption is when one partner adopts the other partner’s child. A single-parent adoption is when a single individual adopts a child. All three of these are legal in Rhode Island.

Both joint adoptions and second parent adoptions ensure your child has two legal parents, which often provides greater comfort and security to everyone involved. Depending on your particular family situation, the law may not recognize both partners as legal parents without an adoption. In these cases, the non-legal parent needs special permission to make medical decisions for the child or attend school meetings, and is at risk of losing custody if the couple splits up.

L'adoption permet à un parent non légal de devenir parent légal, habilité à prendre des décisions concernant l'enfant sans autorisation spéciale. Elle permet également au parent adoptif d'assumer automatiquement la garde de l'enfant en cas de décès de son partenaire. De même, en cas de décès du parent adoptif, l'enfant aura le droit d'hériter de lui, même en l'absence de testament, et pourra éventuellement percevoir des prestations de survivant de la sécurité sociale.

Enfin, si le couple se sépare, l’adoption garantit que les deux parents ont le droit de garde et de visite, et que tout litige sera tranché en fonction de l’intérêt supérieur de l’enfant plutôt que de la question de savoir qui est le parent légal.

When a child is born into a marriage, Rhode Island law and the law of all states, presumes that both spouses are the parents of the child and both names are listed on the child’s birth certificate. However, this is only a presumption and can be challenged in court, so in the past GLAD recommended that married couples do a second-parent adoption to ensure the parentage of the non-biological parent because adoption is a court judgment creating a parent-child relationship and must be respected by other states.

Now Rhode Island couples have a second way to protect the parentage of the non-biological partner by signing a Voluntary Acknowledgment of Parentage.

No. A parent who has signed a VAP should not need to do a co-parent adoption to establish parentage. A VAP establishes legal parentage under state law, is the equivalent of a judgment of parentage under state law and gives you all the rights and duties of a parent. Under federal law, an Acknowledgement of Parentage is the equivalent of a judicial decree of parentage and should be recognized in all states.

Since expanded access to acknowledgments of parentage is an emerging development, some parents might feel more comfortable also completing a second parent adoption in addition to or instead of a VAP. To understand what is best for your family, individualized legal advice is recommended.

There are a number of steps that can be taken, although none offer the security of a second parent adoption.

1. Accord de coparentalité : Un accord de coparentalité est un accord définissant les attentes des parents quant au rôle de chacun et leurs projets en cas de séparation, d'invalidité ou de décès. Bien que ces accords ne soient pas toujours pleinement appliqués par les tribunaux, qui sont tenus de prendre des décisions en matière de garde et de visite dans l'intérêt supérieur de l'enfant, ils constituent des indicateurs importants de ce que le couple souhaite. croyait était dans l’intérêt supérieur de l’enfant et pouvait influencer la décision finale du tribunal.
2. Testaments : The legal parent may nominate a guardian of the child upon the parent’s death (R.I. Gen. Laws § 33-15.1-7). These wishes are given strong preferences by courts. Of course, if the child has another legal parent living, then that person would have priority over the nominated guardian.
3. Power of Attorney and Temporary Guardianship: This document is signed by the parent and authorizes another person (the attorney-in-fact and temporary guardian) to make a wide variety of decisions and arrangements for the child, including matters related to school, medical care and finances.
4. Co-tutelle : While there is no express provision in the law allowing for appointment of co-guardians, and although the practice varies to some degree across the State, some probate courts allow a parent to name the other non-legal parent as a co-guardian so that the other parent may secure medical attention for the child and act as a parent (R.I. Gen. Laws § 33-15.1-5). This status is not permanent, and may be terminated by a court (R.I. Gen. Laws § 33-15-18 (“The court shall remove any…guardian…upon finding that the [guardian] has not fulfilled, or is no longer able to fulfill, the duties of the appointment as set forth by the order itself and/or the limited guardianship and guardianship law.”)).