Testing & Privacy | HIV/AIDS | Rhode Island

Yes, while Rhode Island recently eliminated the requirement of ekri informed consent, Rhode Island prohibits the administration of any HIV test without: (1) providing the person with oral or written information and an opportunity for discussion with a health care provider, (2) informing the person of the right to decline testing, and (3) obtaining the oral consent (prior to the passage of House Bill 5415 Substitute B in November 2009, Rhode Island had required written consent for HIV testing) of the person (RI ST 23-6.3-3(h)(2)). The consent and exchange of information must be documented in the person’s medical record (Id). (Note: A distinction is made between confidential and anonymous testing.  In confidential testing the health care provider may use written consent as an option, but in anonymous testing only oral consent is allowed) (46 RI ST 23-6.3-3 (k)).

Anba RI ST 23-6.3-3(h)(4), enfòmasyon yo bay pasyan an dwe, omwen, gen ladan sa ki annapre yo:

1. An explanation of HIV infection;
2. A description of interventions to reduce HIV transmission;
3. What a positive and negative test result mean
4. The possibility that a recent infection may not be detected;
5. An opportunity to ask questions and to decline being tested.

Physicians and other health care providers are required to offer HIV testing to any person “with a suspected sexually transmitted disease” (RI ST 23-11-17).

Yes, in Rhode Island, persons under 18 may give legal consent for testing, examination, and/or treatment for any reportable communicable disease, which under Rhode Island Department of Health guidelines includes HIV and AIDS (RI ST 23-8-1.1).

Rhode Island law provides that a physician or health care provider shall include HIV testing among the routine prenatal tests for all pregnant people unless testing is declined (RI ST 23-6.3-3 (i) (1)). In order to be tested for HIV, pregnant people must provide oral consent which must be documented in the medical record.  If a pregnant person has not been tested for HIV, they will be offered testing again at the time of labor and/or delivery (RI ST 23-6.3-3 (i) (2)). If the pregnant person refuses all these offers for testing and if the person also refuses to consent to the testing of the newborn, then the newborn can be tested without the person’s consent (RI ST 23-6.3-3 (i) (3)). If the newborn’s HIV test is positive, then the person who gave birth will be told that they are also infected with HIV.

A person applying for a life insurance policy can be required to undergo HIV testing provided ekri consent is obtained, and the results of the test can be used by the insurance company for making decisions about whether to issue a life insurance policy.  However, once someone has a life insurance policy, HIV status cannot be used to cancel or refuse to renew the policy (RI ST 23-6.3-16).

Wi, nan sèten sikonstans, jan sa endike nan RI ST 23-6.3-4, lalwa Rhode Island pèmèt, men li pa egzije, yon doktè oswa yon lòt founisè swen sante pou fè yon tès VIH san konsantman sijè a.

A) Jèn yo

Lalwa Rhode Island pèmèt tès VIH envolontè pou:

• Nenpòt moun ki poko gen yon ane;
• Nenpòt moun ki gen ant ennan ak trèzan ki "sanble prezante sentòm VIH";
• Nenpòt moun ki poko gen dizwitan ki "anba swen ak otorite depatman timoun, jèn ak fanmi yo, epi direktè depatman sa a sètifye ke yon tès VIH nesesè pou asire sèvis sante oswa sèvis imen pou moun sa a."

B) Occupational Exposure in a Health Care Facility

Lalwa Rhode Island pèmèt tès depistaj envolontè nan ka yon kontak ak yon founisè swen sante nan yon etablisman swen sante ki gen lisans oswa nan yon biwo doktè prive, si:

1. a sample of the patient’s blood is available and an occupational health representative or physician, nurse practitioner, physician assistant, or nurse-midwife not directly involved in the exposure determines that a health care worker had a significant exposure to the blood or bodily fluids of a patient; and
2. the patient refuses to grant consent for an HIV test. The health care worker must have a baseline HIV test within seventy-two hours of exposure before the patient’s blood can be tested.

If a sample of the patient’s blood is not available and the patient refuses to consent to an HIV test, the health care worker may petition the Superior Court for an order mandating an HIV test.

C) Ijans

An involuntary HIV test is permitted “in an emergency, where due to a grave medical or psychiatric condition, it is impossible to obtain consent from either the patient, or the patient’s parent, guardian, or agent.”  This exception appears by its language to be limited to circumstances in which an HIV test is deemed necessary for the patient’s health.

Wi, lalwa Rhode Island egzije tès VIH obligatwa nan sèten sikonstans.

A) Rhode Island law requires an HIV test for any person convicted of:

1. Possession of any controlled substance that has been administered with a hypodermic needle or syringe (RI ST 21-28-4.20);
2. “Violation of any provisions” of the commercial sex activity statute (RI ST 11-34.1-12); and
3. Committing “any sexual offense involving sexual penetration,” where “the victim, immediate family members of the victim, or legal guardian of the victim” has petitioned the court to order testing (RI ST 11-37-17).

B) Rhode Island law requires mandatory testing of “[e]very person who is committed to the adult correctional institutions to answer for any criminal offense, after conviction,” as well as “periodic testing for HIV, including testing at the time of release and when deemed appropriate by a physician” (RI ST 42-56-37 & RI ST 23-6.3-4(a)(11)).

C) Rhode Island law requires HIV testing of donated or collected sperm (RI ST 23-1-38).

In Rhode Island, there are multiple laws that protect the privacy of medical information such as HIV.  For example, under the HIV-Specific Privacy Law, it is “unlawful for nenpòt moun to disclose to a third party the results of an individual’s HIV test without the prior written consent of that individual” (RI ST 23-6.3-4 (b) (emphasis added)), except for certain exemptions that are listed below. Other laws that protect privacy of medical information in various circumstances are discussed below.

Rhode Island law also has a specific provision for protecting records of HIV test results, which states that: “Providers of health care, public health officials, and any other person who maintains records containing information on HIV test results of individuals are responsible for maintaining full confidentiality of this data and shall take appropriate steps for their protection” (RI ST 23-6.3-8(a)).

Etap sa yo enkli:

• Kenbe dosye yo an sekirite tout tan epi etabli pwoteksyon konfidansyalite adekwa pou nenpòt dosye sa yo ki estoke elektwonikman;
• Etabli epi aplike règ rezonab ki limite aksè a dosye sa yo; epi
• Training persons who handle records in security objectives and techniques (RI ST 23-6.3-8).

Wi, lalwa Rhode Island entèdi ekspresman divilgasyon enfòmasyon konfidansyèl sou swen sante san konsantman, ke yo dekri kòm "tout enfòmasyon ki gen rapò ak istwa swen sante yon pasyan, dyagnostik, kondisyon, tretman, oswa evalyasyon yo jwenn nan men yon founisè swen sante ki te trete pasyan an." Lwa sa a rele Lwa sou Konfidansyalite Kominikasyon ak Enfòmasyon sou Swen Sante (RI ST 5-37.3-3 (3) (i); RI ST 5-37.3-4 (a)).

Anba lwa sa a, yo pa ka divilge oswa transfere "enfòmasyon konfidansyèl sou swen sante" san yon fòm konsantman alekri ki gen enfòmasyon klè konsènan itilizasyon yo prevwa pou enfòmasyon an ak limit enfòmasyon yo pral divilge a (RI ST 5-37.3-4 (d)).

Wi, lalwa Rhode Island pèmèt divilgasyon estati VIH nan sikonstans espesifikman preskri (RI ST 23-6.3-7).

(A) Yon doktè ka san konsantman pasyan an:

• "[A]ntre rezilta tès VIH la nan dosye medikal pasyan an."
• Release confidential medical information, including a patient’s HIV status, pursuant to the exceptions listed in the Confidentiality of Health Care Communications and Information Act (RI ST 5-37.3-4 (b)) and the Mental Health Law (RI ST 40.1-5-26 (b)).
• Notify the director of the department of children, youth, and families (DCYF) the results of an involuntary test (RI ST 23-6.3-7 (a) (3)).
• “Inform third parties with whom an HIV-infected patient is in close and continuous exposure-related contact, including but not limited to a spouse and/or partner, if the nature of the contact, in the physician’s opinion, poses a clear and present danger of HIV transmission to the third party; and if the physician has reason to believe that the patient, despite the physician’s strong encouragement, has not and will not inform the third party that they may have been exposed to HIV” (RI ST 23-6.3-10 (b)).

(B) Under RI ST 23-5-9, when a person dies with certain enumerated health conditions, including AIDS, a physician or family member (if the person did not die in a health care facility) must notify the person picking up the body that the person died of AIDS. The person picking up the dead body must convey that notification to any embalmer or funeral director (RI ST 23-5-9).

(C) If a first responder (e.g., firefighter, police officer, EMT) treating or transporting a person to a licensed facility is exposed to the blood of a person subsequently diagnosed with an infectious disease, and the exposure is sufficient to create a risk of transmission, the facility shall issue notification of exposure (RI ST 23-28.36-3).

Under Rhode Island law, a civil suit can be filed for damages (RI ST 5-37.3-9; (RI ST 23-6.3-8 (e)). An intentional and knowing violation of these statutes may also result in criminal prosecution (RI ST 5-37.3-9).

Anpil tribinal jwenn ke yon moun gen yon dwa konstitisyonèl pou l pa divilge estati VIH li. Tribinal yo baze dwa sa a sou Kloz Pwosesis Jis Konstitisyon Etazini an, ki kreye yon enterè nan vi prive pou evite divilgasyon sèten kalite enfòmasyon pèsonèl.

Yo ka sèlman fè vale dwa konstitisyonèl pou vi prive a lè moun ki divilge enfòmasyon an se yon aktè leta oswa gouvènman an — pa egzanp, lapolis, ofisyèl prizon, doktè nan yon lopital leta.

Pou detèmine si te gen yon vyolasyon dwa sa a pou vi prive, tribinal yo ap balanse nati entrizyon nan vi prive yon moun ak pwa yo dwe bay rezon lejitim gouvènman an pou yon politik oswa yon pratik ki lakòz divilgasyon.

All states require that numerous health conditions be reported to state health officials in order to assess trends in the epidemiology of diseases and develop effective prevention strategies. Rhode Island law requires that physicians, health care providers, health care facilities and prisons report the names of persons diagnosed with HIV or AIDS (except in the case of anonymous testing) to the Department of Health (RI ST 23-6.3-14), including those perinatally exposed to HIV as indicated by two positive PCR tests (RI ST 23-6.3-14 (4)).

All information in connection with HIV or AIDS cases is subject to strong confidentiality provisions under Rhode Island law.

Non, men an 2015, yo te prezante yon pwojè lwa nan Lejislati Rhode Island lan, H 5245, Yon Lwa ki gen Rapò ak Ofans Kriminèl - Transmisyon Kriminèl VIH, ki ta kriminalize mank de divilgasyon estati VIH la. GLAD te temwaye kont pwojè lwa a, epi li pa t pase.

Pou plis enfòmasyon, gade: GLAD temwaye an opozisyon ak lejislasyon kriminalizasyon VIH ki pwopoze a nan Rhode Island