作为 LGBTQ+ 学生，我有哪些权利？

所有康涅狄格州公立学校的学生都有权：

  • 为了在学校里安全而不被欺负，
  • 要访问有关 LGBTQ+ 主题的信息（包括教育网站），
  • 穿着和表现方式要符合你的性别认同，
  • 言论自由。这意味着你有权表达可能冒犯他人的观点，也有权反对他人的观点，只要你以尊重他人的方式表达即可。

所有康涅狄格州公立学校和许多私立学校的学生都有权：

  • 免受基于性取向、性别认同或表达或艾滋病毒状况的歧视或骚扰，
  • 组建一个同性恋/异性恋联盟 (GSA)，享受与其他非课程团体同等的待遇。这意味着平等的资金、设施使用权以及选择团体名称的权利。

在校外，您有权利：

  • 在就业、住房和公共场所（如餐馆或商店）中免受基于您的实际或感知的性取向、艾滋病毒状况或性别认同的歧视。
  • 未经父母同意，自行接受 HIV 检测。更多详情，请参阅“HIV/AIDS”专题。
  • 向警方举报在校内或校外对您造成人身伤害、威胁您或破坏您的财产的任何人。

联邦法律也保护你免受学校歧视

根据《第九条修正案》，您在公立学校或其他接受联邦资助的学校中受到保护，免受歧视。《第九条修正案》是一项联邦民权法，它禁止在全国范围内基于性别（包括性取向或性别认同）的歧视。

 

Does Connecticut have a law to protect public school students from bullying?

Yes. The law improved significantly in 2011 with the passage of Public Act 11-232, An Act Concerning the Strengthening of School Bullying Laws (Conn. Gen. Stat. sec. 10-222d). Per the law, bullying is defined as repeated written, oral, or electronic communication, or physical acts or gestures by one or more students repeatedly directed at another student, that:

  • causes the bullied student physical or emotional harm or damages their property;
  • places the bullied student in reasonable fear of being harmed;
  • creates a hostile school environment for the bullied student;
  • infringes on the bullied student’s rights or substantially disrupts the education process or the school’s orderly operation.

The law also recognizes that students who are LGBTQ+ or are perceived to be LGBTQ+ or who associate with LGBT students are often the target of bullying (Conn. Gen. Stat. sec. 10-222d(a)(1)).

Per the law, each school board must develop a “safe school climate plan” that:

  • prohibits bullying on school grounds, at a school-sponsored or school-related activity, at a school bus stop or on a school bus, through electronic means (i.e. cyberbullying)
  • prohibits discrimination and retaliation against an individual who reports or assists in the investigation of an act of bullying
  • enables students to anonymously report acts of bullying
  • enables parents to file written reports of suspected bullying
  • requires school employees who witness bullying or receive reports of bullying to report it
  • requires schools to investigate all reports of bullying and have a prevention and intervention strategy
  • requires that both the parents of the bully and the parents of the victim be notified about bullying and told about the measures the school has chosen to take in response
  • requires the school to notify the police about any acts of bullying that may constitute criminal conduct
  • requires schools to maintain a publicly available list of the number of verified bullying incidents and to report this annually to the Connecticut State Department of Education
  • requires all school employees to complete annual training on identifying, preventing and responding to bullying and to youth suicide.

Can schools regulate anti-bullying policies outside of school grounds?

Yes, the U.S. Supreme Court in Mahanoy Area School Dist. V. B. L. in addition to concluding that students have broad speech and expression rights outside of school, also stated:

“Circumstances that may implicate a school’s regulatory interests [outside school] include serious or severe bullying or harassment targeting particular individuals; threats aimed at teachers or other students . . .” 

康涅狄格州是否有学校应遵循的指导来保护跨性别学生？

是的，康涅狄格州为学区制定了有关跨性别学生和性别不符学生的权利、责任和最佳教育实践的指导。

该指南包括以下内容：

  • 学校应该尊重跨性别学生的姓名和代词；
  • 学校应尊重跨性别学生的医疗信息、曾用名等隐私；
  • 学生记录上的姓名和性别应符合学生的性别认同；
  • 跨性别学生应该能够使用符合其性别认同的洗手间、更衣室和更衣设施；
  • 在任何性别隔离的活动中（包括体育运动），跨性别学生都应该能够以符合其性别认同的方式参与。

有关本指南的更多信息，请参阅“跨性别学生公民权利保护和支持指南”：

跨性别学生公民权利保护与支持指南 

康涅狄格州的反歧视法也保护公立学校的学生吗？

是的，康涅狄格州《一般法规》第10-15c条禁止在公立学校的活动、项目和课程中基于性取向、性别认同或表达以及种族、肤色、性别、宗教和国籍歧视学生。有关康涅狄格州反歧视法以及如何提交歧视投诉的更多信息，请参阅“歧视”问题专区。

Are there federal laws that protect students?

Yes, Title IX prohibits discrimination against students based on sex in any school or college that receives federal funds. In light of the Supreme Court ruling in Bostock v. Clayton County, which determined that sexual orientation and gender identity discrimination are forms of sex discrimination, the federal Department of Education, which enforces Title IX, has stated that it will interpret any sexual orientation or gender identity discrimination as sex discrimination. 

To file a complaint with the federal Department of Education Office of Civil Rights, see:  How to File a Discrimination Complaint with the Office for Civil Rights. 

您可以向学校的 Title IX 协调员投诉，也可以向以下机构投诉：

民权办公室
美国教育部
约翰·W·麦科马克邮局及法院，222 室
邮局广场
波士顿，马萨诸塞州 02109

此外，某些类型的歧视和骚扰可能会侵犯学生的宪法权利。

What can I do if I’m being discriminated against or bullied at school?

There are many ways to approach the issue. One is to ask for support from a friend, teacher, or counselor and talk to the people who are bothering you. That is not an option, however, if you don’t feel safe doing so.

Take a look at your school policies and notify whoever is supposed to be notified— usually a vice principal or Title IX coordinator. You should document any incidents of harassment or discrimination in writing with at least the date and time. Once you meet with the right officials, write yourself notes about what you told them and on what date and ask when they will be getting back to you with a response. If they don’t help you or don’t follow through, you may wish to write to the principal and superintendent and ask for them to end the discrimination.

If this fails, you may also wish to consider legal action against the town by contacting the Connecticut Commission on Human Rights and Opportunities or the federal Department of Education Office of Civil Rights. 

This is a complicated area of law as well as being emotionally challenging. Contact GLAD Answers by filling out the email form at GLAD 答案 to discuss options.

Do students have the right to form Gay/Straight Alliances in their schools?

Yes, as to high school students; probably, as to middle school students. A federal law known as the “Equal Access Act” requires that all federally funded secondary schools provide equal access to extra-curricular clubs. So long as a school has at least one student-led extra-curricular club, it must allow additional clubs to organize, and must provide them with equal access to meeting spaces, facilities, and funding without discriminating based on a club’s purpose, be that purpose religious, philosophical, political, or otherwise (20 U.S.C. § 4071). 

康涅狄格州是否有禁止转化疗法的法律？

是的，2017 年康涅狄格州通过了公共法案 17-5，即《关于保护青少年免受转化疗法侵害的法案》。

各州和国家医疗、心理健康和儿童福利组织均反对性取向扭转疗法，即旨在改变个人性取向或性别认同的疗法。大量专业文献表明，这种疗法不仅无法有效改变性取向或性别认同，而且对青少年有害。接受过性取向扭转疗法的青少年患抑郁症、产生自杀念头和自杀行为以及吸食非法毒品的风险更高。

根据该法律的规定，任何从事转化疗法的持照医疗专业人员都将受到公共卫生部的纪律处分，直至吊销其专业执照。

YOU HAVE RESOURCES

Parents’ Guide to Bullying and Harassment in Connecticut: Parents Guide to Bullying and Harassment in Connecticut

FAQ on Connecticut Non-Discrimination Laws: Guidelines for Connecticut Schools to Comply with GENDER IDENTITY AND EXPRESSION NON-DISCRIMINATION LAWS 

FAQ on Protections and Supports for Transgender Students: 

Guidance on Civil Rights Protections and Supports for Transgender Students: Frequently Asked Questions. 

Title IX Protects Students from Discrimination Based on Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity: US Department of Education Confirms Title IX Protects Students from Discrimination Based on Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity

Legal Guidelines Regarding the Equal Access Act: Legal Guidelines Regarding the Equal Access Act and the Recognition of Student-Led Non-Curricular Groups (MS Word).

FAQ About Equal Access Act: Equal Access Act FAQs.pdf 

Connecticut Youth Resources: outCT YOUTH RESOURCES

Triangle Community Center: (203) 853-0600

650 West Avenue, Norwalk, CT 06850

Circle Care Center: (203) 852-9525

618 West Ave, Norwalk, CT 06850

New Haven Pride Center: (203) 387-2252

84 Orange St, New Haven, CT 06510

True Colors: Sexual Minority Youth and Family Services (860) 232-0050

30 Arbor St #201a, Hartford, CT 06106

Hartford Gay and Lesbian Health Collective: (860) 278-4163

1841 Broad St, Hartford, CT 06114

Connecticut TransAdvocacy Coalition: 860 255 8812

P.O. Box 111, Farmington, CT 06034

Trans Educational Student Resources TSER@transstudent.org

特雷弗计划: 866-488-7386

Trans Lifeline: 877-565-8860

 

GET MORE INFORMATION AND LEGAL HELP

For more information about your rights and protections, and for referrals, you can contact GLAD 答案, GLAD’s free & confidential legal information line. Your LGBTQ and HIV legal rights resource!

GLAD Answers | GLAD

May 2022