Marriage | New Hampshire

Yes. On June 3, 2009, Governor Lynch signed a marriage equality bill (House Bill 436, An Act Relative to Civil Marriage and Civil Unions) that extended the right to marry to same-sex couples. The bill became effective January 1, 2010, simultaneously ending the availability of New Hampshire civil unions on the same date. On January 1, 2011, all existing New Hampshire civil unions were transformed into marriages.

Four years later, in 奧貝格費爾訴霍奇斯案（135 S.Ct. 2584 (2015)）美國最高法院裁定美國憲法保障同性伴侶結婚的權利，使婚姻平權在全國範圍內成為現實。同性戀者反歧視聯盟（GLAD）的瑪麗·博諾托（Mary Bonauto）在口頭辯論中代表原告。奧貝格費爾，美國所有 50 個州都必須向同性伴侶頒發結婚證書，並且所有州都必須尊重在其他司法管轄區內進行的同性伴侶婚姻。

For more information about getting married in New Hampshire, consult GLAD’s publication, 如何在新罕布夏州結婚.

Yes. New Hampshire will respect the legal marriages of same-sex couples regardless of where the marriage was performed, just as all states will now respect the marriage of a same-sex couple married in New Hampshire.

Yes. Thanks to the recent demise of the Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA) in 溫莎訴美國案 (133. S.Ct. 2675 (2013)), the federal government will recognize and respect the legal marriages of same-sex couples.

DOMA, a federal statute which defined marriage exclusively as the union between one man and one woman, once prevented same-sex spouses from accessing the 1000+ federal laws pertaining to marriage, including taxes, Social Security (including SSDI and SSI), immigration, bankruptcy, FMLA, federal student financial aid, Medicaid, Medicare, veteran’s benefits, and TANF. Happily, in 2013 the U.S. Supreme Court struck down DOMA as unconstitutional. GLAD filed the first challenge to DOMA in 2009, Gill v. OPM (699 F.Supp.2d 374 (2010)), and the legal framework developed in that case was used in many subsequent cases, 溫莎 included. GLAD was also responsible for coordinating the 溫莎 amici briefs.

Unfortunately, one issue that has yet to be definitively resolved by 溫莎 和 奧貝格費爾 concerns spousal benefits and self-insured health plans. While New Hampshire state law prohibits discrimination based on sexual orientation, self-insured health plans are governed by federal law. Title VII, the federal anti-discrimination statute, only prohibits discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin—sexual orientation is not explicitly included. As a result, some self-insured employers claim they can legally deny benefits to same-sex spouses.

Luckily, this issue is far from settled. Recently, the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (“EEOC”) took the position that Title VII’s prohibition against ‘sex discrimination’ encompasses discrimination based on sexual orientation (see ____ v. Foxx, Agency No. 2012-24738-FAA-3 (July 15, 2015)).

If your employer is discriminating against you in spousal healthcare benefits on the basis of sexual orientation, contact GLAD Answers.

是的，因為如上所述，同性已婚夫婦有權享有異性已婚夫婦享有的所有福利。

然而，直到 奧貝格費爾訴霍奇斯案 2015年6月26日的判決顯示，許多同性伴侶生活在一些違反憲法的婚姻法禁止同性伴侶結婚的州。因此，當他們的配偶去世時，他們無法滿足社會安全遺屬福利的條件，即結婚9個月。

為了糾正這種不公平現象，Lambda Legal 提起了兩起訴訟， 伊利訴索爾案 和 桑頓訴社會安全專員案 並成功為從未結婚的同性伴侶申請社會安全遺屬福利（伊利訴索爾案）或最終能夠結婚，但結婚不到 9 個月，其配偶就去世了（桑頓訴社會安全專員案). 

這兩項裁決允許因歧視性州法律而被禁止結婚，從而沒有資格申請社會安全遺屬福利的同性伴侶提交申請。然而，申請的成功取決於能否提供足夠的文件，向社會安全局證明他們未能滿足9個月婚姻要求的唯一原因是歧視性州法律。

以下連結提供了更詳細的信息，並包含每起訴訟的常見問題解答，並列出了一些您可以提供獲得遺屬撫卹金所需文件的方式： 因違憲的州婚姻法而被排除在社會安全遺屬福利之外的同性伴侶和配偶的相關資訊 | Lambda Legal. 

有各種法律文件可以保護夫妻關係，無論夫妻之間沒有正式的法律關係還是已經結婚。

1. 關係協議或合約： A couple has the option of drafting a written cohabitation agreement, outlining their respective rights with regards to property, finances, and other aspects of their relationship. Although the New Hampshire Supreme Court has not yet ruled on the subject, these agreements should be enforced like any other contract. A number of states, Massachusetts included, explicitly enforce cohabitation agreements. Although a couple can choose to use a cohabitation agreement to make plans for the custody and support of children, a New Hampshire court will not uphold any agreement it finds to contravene the child’s best interests.
2. 持久授權書： A couple can choose to grant each other the durable power of attorney, allowing one partner to make financial decisions on the other’s behalf in the event of incapacity or disability. The requirements are minimal: any competent person may appoint another person as their “attorney-in-fact,” although the power of attorney form must be signed and notarized. If no appointment is made, a family member will be empowered to make decisions for the incapacitated individual.
3. Advance Directive for Health Care: A couple can choose to each create an “advance directive,” allowing them to make medical decisions on one another’s behalf in the event of an emergency. Absent an advance directive, medical care providers look to next- of-kin to make health care decisions for an incapacitated individual. If an unmarried couple wants to make decisions for one another, they need an advance directive.

An advance directive has two parts: a Durable Power of Attorney for Health Care and a Living Will. In the Durable Power of Attorney for Health Care, you appoint a person to act as your health care agent and make medical decisions for you when you are incapacitated. You may also express your desires about end of life issues, including nutrition, hydration, and other life-sustaining treatments. The Living Will is a short statement about whether you want life-sustaining treatment continued when you are near death or permanently unconscious. You should give a copy of the advance directive to your doctors and may also consider giving it to family members.

An advance directive may either be signed by yourself and two witnesses, or signed by just yourself in the presence of a notary public. The following individuals do not count as witnesses: your spouse or heir, beneficiaries under any will or trust you may have, and the person you are appointing as your health care agent. Only one witness can be an employee of your healthcare provider. An advance directive can only be revoked by you.

If you later become incapacitated and a guardian is appointed for you, the appointing court should not revoke your health care agent’s authority unless there is clear and convincing evidence that doing so would be in your best interests.

1. 將要： Without a will, a deceased unmarried person’s property passes to: (1) their children; (2) their family; or (3) if next-of-kin cannot be located, to the state. If you wish to provide for others not on this list, such as your partner, a will is essential. Even if you have few possessions, you can name who will administer your estate in your will. If you have children, you can also nominate someone to be their future guardian in a will.
2. 葬禮計畫文件： Upon death, a person’s body is given to his or her next-of-kin. This can mean that a person’s own partner has no right to remove the body or make plans for a final resting place. To avoid confusion and persuade relatives to honor your wishes, you can leave explicit written directions giving another person (such as your partner or a friend) control over the funeral and burial arrangements. While this document is not binding, it should help avoid complications in any but the most adversarial families. Some people include these instructions as part of a will, but since a will may not be found for days after death, it is preferable to give the instructions directly to the person you want to take care of matters, as well as to family members.
3. Guardianship: New Hampshire’s broad guardianship laws allow, among other things, an individual to nominate another person as the guardian of their person, estate, or both.68 The advantage of nominating a guardian in advance is that you are selecting the person to take over all aspects of your financial matters.

GLAD 建議與律師合作處理這些文件。

Although forms are available, the form may not be suited to your individual needs and wishes. Moreover, an attorney may be able to better help effectuate your goals, for example, by drafting a will in a way which is more likely to deter a will contest by unhappy family members, or an appointment of a health care agent with very specific instructions. In addition, an attorney may help to navigate the legal uncertainties flowing from the areas of overlap between these documents. GLAD 答案 can provide referrals to attorneys who are members of GLAD’s Lawyer Referral Service.

後 奧貝格費爾訴霍奇斯案, same-sex spouses everywhere should be able to dissolve their marriages on the same terms as different-sex spouses. New Hampshire explicitly applies its divorce statutes to same-sex couples (see, e.g., In re Munson & Beal, 2016 N.H. LEXIS 180 (2016) (applying divorce statute to a same-sex couple)).

However, spouses should note that when New Hampshire courts divide marital property and award alimony, one of the factors a judge considers is length of marriage (NH RSA 458:16-a, II(a); 19, IV). Unfortunately for spouses whose partnership pre-dates marriage equality, the length of the marriage may not accurately reflect the true length of the relationship, resulting in an unbalanced division of assets. A recent New Hampshire Supreme Court case, In the Matter of Munson & Beal (2016 N.H. LEXIS 180 (2016)), addressed this issue and ruled that a judge may consider premarital cohabitation when dividing marital property. GLAD submitted an amicus brief in the case, Munson Amicus Brief.

If you are going through divorce proceedings in New Hampshire and believe your division of assets may be unfairly affected by length of marriage, contact Glad Answers.

有孩子的同性伴侶分手後應該：

1. 支持 LGBTQ+ 父母的權利；
2. 尊重現有的關係，不論其法律標籤如何；
3. 分手後尊重孩子現有的父母關係；
4. 為孩子保持連續性；
5. 尋求自願解決方案；
6. 記住，分手很難；
7. 調查虐待指控；
8. 不允許因缺乏協議或法律關係而決定結果；
9. 將訴訟視為最後的手段；
10. 拒絕訴諸恐同/恐變性人的法律和情緒來達到預期結果。

有關這些標準的更多詳細信息，請參閱出版物《保護家庭：LGBTQ+ 家庭標準》，網址為： 保護家庭：LGBT家庭標準. 

Not anymore. Effective January 1, 2010, New Hampshire stopped issuing civil union licenses; and effective January 1, 2011, all existing New Hampshire civil unions were converted into marriages by operation of law. If you have a civil union (or registered domestic partnership) from another state, New Hampshire will grant you the same rights and benefits, and hold you to the same responsibilities, as a married couple in New Hampshire. However, with the exception of Social Security, the federal government will not recognize your civil union.